Free Essays on Trends In Familial Social Status Of Japanese Women And Potential Causes

NEW TRENDS IN FAMILIAL AND SOCIAL STATUS OF JAPANESE WOMEN AND POTENTIAL CAUSES. Japan is encountering a significant difference in sex jobs as ladies enter the workforce in record numbers. The outcome is the ascent of monetarily autonomous Japanese ladies who have professions, budgetary autonomy and individual flexibility. Having encountered freedom, ladies are less intrigued by the obligations of a spouse and mother, which would incorporate running the family unit as well as thinking about maturing guardians. Simultaneous monetary, segment, and social patterns have unobtrusively made significantly various lives for Japanese ladies, as they live more, wed later, have less kids, and spend longer times of their lives alone or if nothing else without a spouse. Innovation and longer lives free ladies to think about extended choices, with new decisions , conceivable outcomes, and issues. The progressions in women’s life cycles likewise invigorate changes in the jobs they pick and are required to take in the public arena, with significant implications for family life, instruction, and the universe of work. Japanese ladies have legitimate motivations to set themselves up for long lives with a more noteworthy level of autonomy, regardless of whether by need or decision. (1) In result to Japanese ladies encountering autonomy many have decided to delay marriage or just not get hitched by any stretch of the imagination, numerous Japanese ladies feel that getting hitched will mean surrendering their opportunity and freedom . Since deferring marriage ordinarily brings about less youngsters, the birthrate in Japan is consistently declining admirably underneath the rate required to continue Japan’s current populace and is the most minimal rate on the planet. Simultaneously, the Japanese have the longest future on the planet, The outcome is a quickly maturing populace that before long will start to recoil except if these patterns are switched. (2) There are ladies who would like to turn into a mother and spouse, yet the expense of leaving... Free Essays on Trends In Familial Social Status Of Japanese Women And Potential Causes Free Essays on Trends In Familial Social Status Of Japanese Women And Potential Causes NEW TRENDS IN FAMILIAL AND SOCIAL STATUS OF JAPANESE WOMEN AND POTENTIAL CAUSES. Japan is encountering a significant difference in sexual orientation jobs as ladies enter the workforce in record numbers. The outcome is the ascent of monetarily autonomous Japanese ladies who have professions, money related autonomy and individual flexibility. Having encountered autonomy, ladies are less inspired by the duties of a spouse and mother, which would incorporate running the family as well as thinking about maturing guardians. Simultaneous financial, segment, and social patterns have unobtrusively made significantly various lives for Japanese ladies, as they live more, wed later, have less youngsters, and spend longer times of their lives alone or possibly without a spouse. Innovation and longer lives free ladies to think about extended alternatives, with new decisions , potential outcomes, and issues. The progressions in women’s life cycles additionally animate changes in the jobs they pick and are required to take in the public arena, with significant implications for family life, instruction, and the universe of work. Japanese ladies have legitimate motivations to set themselves up for long lives with a more noteworthy level of freedom, regardless of whether by need or decision. (1) In result to Japanese ladies encountering autonomy many have decided to defer marriage or just not get hitched by any stretch of the imagination, numerous Japanese ladies feel that getting hitched will mean surrendering their opportunity and freedom . Since deferring marriage as a rule brings about less kids, the birthrate in Japan is consistently declining great underneath the rate required to support Japan’s current populace and is the most minimal rate on the planet. Simultaneously, the Japanese have the longest future on the planet, The outcome is a quickly maturing populace that before long will start to contract except if these patterns are turned around. (2) There are ladies who would like to turn into a mother and spouse, yet the expense of leaving...

Starbucks Social Media Essay Example

Starbucks Social Media Paper A few instances of online life networks, for example, spine, twitter, my Cutbacks Ideas, etc. As indicated by Cutbacks (Structural, 2010) Cutbacks previously appeared In 1971 In Siegel, memorable Pike Place showcase when it was claimed by Jerry Baldwin, Cave Siegel,and Gordon BOOK r Nine stardusts espresso channel Is currently unpleasantly serving more than Twelve stunning stores in the I-J with roughly million clients consistently. Reductions utilized these social networks wonderfully to develop a client base by actualizing thoughts given by clients. They effectively got the input from individuals and used them to actualize new methodologies. 3. RESEARCH PROPOSAL 3. 1 Research Question How Cutbacks web based life helped in expanding deals. 3. 2 Hypothesis If web based life identified with deals, at that point better access to internet based life will build deals. 3. 3 Background Theory As examined above web-based social networking is making a virtual network for sharing, appropriating and discussing, which assists with getting a review of individuals about your item. What's more, if the reaction is acceptable that can offer you a superior deals opportunity. A site on Social Media that wakes up (Social sign, 20091) states that online networking and deals are between identified with one another, as it builds the mindfulness and renown f companys item and more individuals need to put resources into the organization. Moreover, it develops a connection of steadfastness for the items and administrations by organization and afterward the client buys all the more frequently or in an enormous volume. Besides, Social media can be utilized to increase the value of the current items or administrations, making new contributions, or sell all the more viably, so the organization can sell all the more adequately at a more significant expense or higher volume. We will compose a custom exposition test on Starbucks Social Media explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Starbucks Social Media explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Starbucks Social Media explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer A site on Negative impacts of Social Media in business (jaguars, 20101) states that online life is certainly exceptionally accommodating. Be that as it may, it tends to be certainly inner parts to web based life in business. On the off chance that an organization tosses all the web-based social networking symbols on its page (Twitter, Backbone, Youth, and so on ) and advance that the organization is social they can show up quite distant if the pages are not refreshed normally. Right off the bat, the organization may get too eager to even think about posting data on any entrance that they may uncover an excessive amount of data. Furthermore, it may uncover a lot about a forthcoming or fragmented item and that permits the contenders to design. At long last, it may publicity up new highlights of an item that are months away-production clients feel that the lease item needs includes. 3. 4 Factors for Successful Research Question Selection This inquiry was chosen to increase new abilities and information by investigating the working strategies of the quickest evolved organization Cutbacks since it was the person who began this and has thusly idealized it. . 5 Brief Summary to The Organization According to (Cutbacks, 20101) the organization previously appeared in 1971 in Cattles memorable Pike Place showcase when it was claimed by Jerry Baldwin, Cave Siegel, and Gordon Booker. The Cutbacks currently has more than 500 establishments in the UK and hello are effectively serving around million clients consistently. A site on the Mission articulation (Statistics, 2010)stats that Cutbacks have consistently been certain about their quality. Reductions guarantee they have consistently been attempting to locate the best wellspring of the best espresso beans; cook them with incredible consideration and improving the lives of individuals who develop them. They care profoundly pretty much the entirety of this and that is the reason they state; our work is rarely done. At the shop they make a spot where All for one and one for all standard applies. Reductions consistently approach everybody with deference and Locally, Ana nylon can toner to Tanat standard . As stardusts In ten U K. States, In May 1998, Cutbacks effectively entered the European market through its securing of 65 Seattle Coffee Company stores in the I-J. The two organizations shared a typical culture, concentrating on a promise to modified espresso, comparable organization esteems and a common regard for individuals and the earth. (Reductions, 2010 I) Following the following five years Cutbacks was recorded in NASDAQ and over a term of 17 years they ventured into in excess of 49 Countries with around 16,000 stores and 160,000 representatives. Besides, it is additionally effectively associated with the network: as it has been the biggest corporate supporter in North America to CARE, an overall alleviation and advancement association to help Third World nations where Cutbacks buys its espresso supplies. Reductions utilized various strategies for advancement however they never spend an exceptionally serious deal, not on the grounds that the techniques were costly and need legitimate exportations and execution. Reductions consistently utilized and accepted the enchantment of articulations I. E. Informal, no other promoting strategy spreads no sweat and helpfully. The social web has demonstrated as rise to another method of promoting: individuals invest more energy in discussions on the web and, markets have become discussions. The most believed type of publicizing today is a proposal from someone else. A constructive verbal exchange from individuals about any association develops the report and even makes individuals steadfast towards the organization, these discussions shows where the crowd is investing energy on the web and what subjects and issues are important to them? An ongoing expectation from Forrester Research is that inside two years, half of all U. S. Papers will have stopped creation. Before the finish of 2010 82% of all organizations will utilize internet based life advertising since its the best methodology. 3. 6 Context and Rational 3. 6. Issues Faced by Company (name) According to Cutbacks Problem (succeeds, 2011 I) in the wake of introducing its espresso stores across quite a bit of North America, Cutbacks Corporation extended forcefully to abroad and like other worldwide retailing symbols, they found that universal popularity can convey a cost. Reductions has been boycotted by hostile to war nonconformists in Lebanon and censured by New Zealand advocates looking f or higher espresso remunerations to ranchers. What's more, confronted with the chance of psychological militant assaults, the organization has pulled out of Israel. What some observe as development, others see as business imperialism. What some observe as global extension of Cutbacks, others see as the by and large seizing of remote societies. A site on Cutbacks Social media and open development (Youth, 20101) reductions promoting approach was not exceptionally tremendous and they were not getting acceptable reaction on the grounds that the espresso culture was not extremely well known around then and they were getting an extraordinary rivalry from the tea culture in America. 3. 6. 2 Reasons for the Research How Cutbacks made it look exceptionally simple to take a few to get back some composure of the market by Just utilizing present day advancements and web based life. As indicated by Cutbacks-web based life and open advancement (Youth, 201 Ii) the organization said that they are making relationship with the client not promoting. Which it helped them to become rapidly, they had 250,000 individuals getting paperwork done for the record on my Cutbacks thoughts; 100,000 thoughts I mean to depict that, what internet based life is and how it can help in expanding deals. 3. 8 Objectives To show that one needs to stroll with an opportunity to be in the race, on the off chance that you won't keep p with time you will need behind. To investigate the working system of one of the universes quickest developing organization, Cutbacks. To show that on the off chance that you want to do bring transform you can do it, with appropriate and all around arranged procedure. 4. Writing Review In request to comprehend that how Social media can improve deals of any association, we should realize what online life is and how it influences our life consistently. Genuineness (2010) characterizes that with the utilization of web based life can carry high traffic to the companys webpage; essential traffic where can got immediate guests from person to person communication ties and auxiliary traffic which is really circuitous proposals from sites which is connected and send to guests. Along these lines, Mobile costs (2010) states that web based life is the most ideal route for the arrangement of each issue in these days. It stays in contact to the day by day most recent news, and gives a wide range of business help, the estimation of portions of numerous enormous organizations, estimation of exorbitant things and some more. Utilizing a tight idea, Ulna measurements (2010) states that it through differently battles; numerous brands have had the option to reinforce existing client faithfulness. Giveaways, unique proposals through internet based life have realized customer energy their preferred brands higher than ever in light of the fact that everybody adores free stuff. By parting with free stuff these brands and others are utilizing internet based life to help proceed with long lasting brand dependability. Their definition is restricted in that, Ulna measurements (2010) likewise expresses that if the organization is disregarding tweets, remarks on its mass, divider posts on its Backbone, or other buyer criticism, it harms it own business. Internet based life should bring the shopper and business together and help improve the purchasers experience by giving direct input. At last, as per Marketabilitys (2010) that Twitter is to invest some energy planning a pleasant custom foundation showing a companys or it own image. Utilizing the standard formats and not having a nice measured record (more than 1 ,OHO devotees) makes the organization looks beginner. Shoppers would prefer not to purchase from a beginner they need to purchase from the best. So be the best! It tends to be reasoned that Social media is a useful asset various associations in these days, It can most likely build deals by a huge volume each of the one needs to do is to execute it appropriately.

Expert Tips on How to Write an Essay Introduction

Expert Tips on How to Write an Essay Introduction The students always look for the best solution to how to write an essay introduction. Because writing an essay is still a long time process for the students. The students always struggle to write the best essay. Do you know what makes your essay more effective? The introduction of your essay is the most crucial part of your essay that makes it effective. Let me explain it with an example. Suppose that youve written an essay about something. Your topic is interesting for the audience, but youve got a poor essay introduction. Now, what do you think? Your targeted audience would like to read the whole essay or not. The answer is no because you have started the essay with the poor introduction and lost all your audiences attention at the early stages of your essay. Today we will explain to you, how to write an essay introduction to grab your readers attention towards your essay. Before we get started with the tips first, we should have a look at what is an introduction of an essay. What is an Introduction in an Essay Summary What is an Introduction in an EssayHow to Write an Essay IntroductionSample Essay Hooks IntroductionsHooking Your ReaderUse the element of surpriseTug at your readers heart-stringsOffer a relevant example or anecdoteAsk a thought-provoking questionCreating Your ContextRelate your hook to a broader topicProvide necessary background informationDefine key terms for the purposes of the essay. Move from the general to the specific. Presenting Your EssayMake your pointDescribe how youre going to prove the pointTransition smoothly into the essay bodyBringing It All TogetherRead essays of other writers in your disciplineKeep your introduction short and simpleWrite your introduction after you write your essayStructure your introduction effectivelyConclusion As Ive mentioned earlier, essay introduction is a crucial part of your essay. It is a roadmap for the entire essay. It is the initial paragraph that sets the tone and path for the entire paper that you are going to present to your audience. The best introduction to essay grab your readers attention and make them engaged to read the essay from the very start of the essay. How to Write an Essay Introduction The most potent introduction grabs the readers attention and keeps them reading the essay until the end. Sample Essay Hooks Introductions Hooking Your Reader Identify your audience. It is the most crucial step your very first sentence should put the reader into your essay. As a writer, you will always want your reader should read your essay to be fascinated, intrigued, or even outrage. It cant happen without knowing the likely readers of your essay. There are two ways to do this. The first one is, most of the time, the students make this mistake. When they write a paper for a class, they automatically assume the instructor as their audience. And the second one is reverse engineering of your audience based on the subject youve chosen for your essay. Suppose that your essay topic is about bodybuilding in the mens study class. Then you will find your targeting audience as you men with the age range that is most affected by the issue. Use the element of surprise It is the best method to grab your readers attention at the friction of second. In this method, we use the shocking statistics that can grab the audiences attention by immediately teaching something interesting to them something that they are not aware of it. Start with the informative sentences that are new for the audience; it will also create interest among the students that where will you go next. Tug at your readers heart-strings In the case of personal or political essays, use your hook to get your reader emotionally involved in the subject matter of your essay story. Let me explain it with an example. If you are writing an essay that is proposing a change in traffic laws, then you might open the story with how the life of the citizen will be affected by this change. Offer a relevant example or anecdote Most of the time, we come across cross an entertaining or interesting anecdote while reading and research for the essay. The anecdote may be related to your essay, but most of the time didnt fit in the body of the essay. But it works great as the hook of your essay. Lets understand it with an example. Suppose that you are writing an essay about a celebrity. Then you can use his/her odd personal habit as a hook for your essay. Humorous anecdotes work better as a hook than the other types of anecdotes. Ask a thought-provoking question It is the most potent method only If youre writing a persuasive essay. You can use a relevant question to draw your reader in. It also helps you to get them actively thinking about your essays subject. Lets understand it with an example: What would you like to do if you become the president of your country for a day? Most of the leader of tiny islands always want to answer these kinds of questions. Avoid clichés and generalizations. Generalizations and clichés are not helpful for your essay. Most of the writer uses generalizations and clinches to contrast with their point. It makes your essay unoriginal or appears you as the lazy writer. Creating Your Context Relate your hook to a broader topic The next step for you to make sure that how your introduction explains to your readers. How your hook connects to the rest of your essay. Start with the broader and more general scope to explain your hooks relevance. Because if you prove your audience about the relevancy of your hook, then they will read all your essay. The most prominent way to do this, use Use appropriate transitional words or phrases, such as however or similarly, It helps you to move your anecdote back out to a broader scope. Provide necessary background information Everyone wants to keep things still relatively general. Allow your readers to know anything that will be necessary for them to understand your main argument. Also, let them know the points youre making in your essay. For example, if your essay is related to the first world war. Then your introduction should describe where and when the first world war was committed. Define key terms for the purposes of the essay. You should have the art that is used to define for your reader. The introduction is not about the reiterate the basic dictionary definitions. On the other hand, if you are having the key term within your essay, then let the readers know how youre using that term. Here is an example you cant modify or change the definitions of the scientific topic because the average layperson cant understand the scientific terminology. Move from the general to the specific. You should always think that your introduction as an upside-down pyramid. Your hook should be placed at the top of your essay. Apart from that, your introduction also welcomes the readers to the broader topic that your essay is all about. If youre using 3 or 4 sentences to describe the context of your essay, then you should try to make each one of your sentences a bit more specific. Lets learn it with an example. If youre writing an essay about sup[pose that youre writing an essay on drunk driving fatalities, then you might start with an anecdote about a particular victim. Then you could provide the national statistics about drunk driving, then narrow down your topic further by giving the statistics of the specific gender or age group. Presenting Your Essay Make your point After setting up the context on which you are making an argument. It is time to tell your reader the point of your essay. Use your essay statements to directly communicate the unique point that you will attempt to make through your essay. Be assertive and confident while writing your essay, and it should be reflected in the essay. Dont you ever try to use the fluff in your essay, such as In this essay, I will attempt to show? Always try to make your outline specific, unique, and provable. Describe how youre going to prove the point Also, round out your introduction with the help of providing your readers with the essential roadmap of what you will say in your essay. In most of the cases, the round out should not be more than a sentence. Transition smoothly into the essay body In most of the cases, youll find that you can move straight from the introduction to the first paragraph of the body. Some introductions require a short transitional sentence at the end. It helps to keep the flow naturally into the rest of your essay. You can do this by figuring out that by reading the introduction and the first paragraph aloud. If you feel that youre pausing between the paragraphs, then work on the transitions to make a move smoother. Bringing It All Together Read essays of other writers in your discipline Good introduction totally depends on the subject matter. The suitable introduction may work well in one academic discipline may not work well in another. Keep these things in your mind, if youre writing a class assignment essay, then you should ask your instructor to provide you the well-written essay example. You can take advantage of that example by note down the point of conventions that are commonly used by the writers in your discipline. Apart from that also make a brief outline of your essay based on the information presented in the introduction. Keep your introduction short and simple Keep in mind that you should keep your essay introduction short and simple. Your introduction should be between 6 and 10 percent of the overall essay length. Suppose that youre writing a 20-page paper, then your introduction should be approximately two pages long. For shorter essay likewise, 1000 words essay, the introduction should be between 100 to 200 words. You can also take the help of your instructor for the essay length. Write your introduction after you write your essay Always try to write the body of the essay first, then write the introduction. You should write the introduction at the finishing stage of essay writing. It would help you to present a summary of your essay efficiently. You can do that by jot down the things to include it in your introduction. You can also mention the most important term of your essay on your introduction. Revise your introduction to fit your essay. The writer likes to write an introduction at the initial stage of the essay. If youve done the same, then go back and make sure your introduction provides and check that your introduction is complimenting your completed paper. In this stage, you have to delete any unnecessary language and jargon. Try to keep the sentences short and easy to understand by the users.   Structure your introduction effectively Most of the essay introduction has the same essential elements regardless of the subject or academic discipline. It should be short and also convey a lot of information to the users. Keep these things into your mind while structuring your introduction effectively. The hook is the crucial elements that will help you to engage your readers. Therefore you should use the hook within your first sentence. After creating the hook, the next few sentences should be works as a bridge between your hook and the rest of your essay. Conclusion Writing an essay introduction is an art. If you are going to follow these tips then you will definitely master this art. But if youre still finding it difficult to write an essay introduction. Then we are here to provide you the best essay writing help at nominal charges. We provide the best assignment help in Melbourne.

The Catcher in the Rye Essay - 790 Words

The Catcher in the Rye is a novel by J.D. Salinger. It is narrated by Holden Caulfield, a cynical teenager who recently got expelled from his fourth school. Though Holden is the narrator and main character of the story, the focus of Salinger’s tale is not on Caulfield, but of the world in which we live. The Catcher in the Rye is an insatiable account of the realities we face daily seen through the eyes of a bright young man whose visions of the world are painfully truthful, if not a bit jaded. Salinger’s book is a must-read because its relatable symbolism draws on the reader’s emotions and can easily keep the attention of anyone. Salinger’s full use of symbolism goes unnoticed until his novel is read a second or third time. Most of it†¦show more content†¦This character is going to tell it like it is, and he does. The most powerful emotional standpoint in the story is when Holden goes to his sister’s elementary school to deliver her a note. While he is there, he discovers two words scribbled on the wall. â€Å"Fuck you.† Most people would look at that and think nothing of it. Some would bow their heads in shame at the person who thought it was funny. Others might laugh. Not Holden. He did not think about the normal persons response to the note. He thought about the child’s response. About how a little kid is going to see that seemingly meaningless phrase and wonder what it means; about how some dirty kid would explain what it meant; and about the person who wrote it and how they are destroying the childhood of everyone who reads the ‘harmless’ graffiti. This section takes the reader to the door of Holden’s mind. It is at this point that one truly understands his emotions. As previously mentioned, it is obvious of Holden’s intentions from the first chapter. The reader learns that they are not going to be following the life story of some random kid; they are going to read about t he introversive thoughts and assumptions everyone makes at some point of their lives. Throughout the tale, it is obvious that Caulfield is depressed and as the story progresses, he seems to lose himself in the real world. As he movesShow MoreRelatedCatcher in the Rye984 Words   |  4 PagesENG 4U1 June 12, 2012 Catcher In The Rye Essay A role model can be can classified as one of many things, but what is it exactly that distinguishes a good one from a bad? The novel, The Catcher in the Rye, written by J.D Salinger is utilized to present the character Holden Caulfield as an unsuitable role model. Firstly, Holden relies on drugs for a way out of his problems instead of facing them. Also, he cannot find his place in the world, which arises, from his natural inclination to lie andRead MoreCatcher in the Rye1601 Words   |  7 PagesInnocence, Compassion, and some ‘Crazy Cliff A novel, which has gained literary recognition worldwide, scrutiny to the point of censorship and has established a following among adolescents, The Catcher in the Rye is in its entirety a unique connotation of the preservation of innocence and the pursuit of compassion. With certain elegance the writer J.D. Salinger, substantiates the growth and perils, which lie between childhood and adulthood. Embellishing the differentiation between innoc ence andRead MoreCatcher in the Rye1445 Words   |  6 PagesENG 3U1 – The Catcher in the Rye Essay Outline Assignment Task: Pick one of the essay prompts below. Your answer to the prompt will be the thesis of your essay. Thoughtfully and carefully craft an essay outline to develop and defend your thesis. Be concise and to the point, this is only an outline! You may consult your agenda, previous notes and our class for essay writing tips. Be sure to use text-based evidence to support your thesis. Essay Prompts Throughout the novel, Holden is a tormented adolescentRead MoreCatcher in the Rye1138 Words   |  5 PagesJ.D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye provides a provocative inquiry into the crude life of a depressed adolescent, Holden Caulfield. Without intensive analysis and study, Holden appears to be a clearly heterosexual, vulgar yet virtuous, typical youth who chastises phoniness and decries adult evils. However, this is a fallacy. The finest manner to judge and analyze Holden is by his statements and actions, which can be irrefutably presented. Holden Caulfield condemns adult corruption and phoninessRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye1500 Words   |  6 PagesThe book The Catcher in the Rye is placed around the 1950s narrated by a young man named ‘Holden Caulfield’ who himself is the protagonist. Holden is not specific about his setting, location, time and other physicality while narrating the story but he makes one thing clear: He is undergoing treatment in a mental hosp ital or infirmary. The events he narrates comprises of time in between the start of Christmas break and him leaving his school as he is expelled. Holden is sixteen years old. His storyRead MoreCatcher in the Rye776 Words   |  4 PagesResearch pap. Catcher in the Rye is a book of many themes of many different types of different things. The main character of the book is Holden Caulfield, this guy has major problems. He’s alone and he knows it, he hates everyone and judges them too. Some themes of this story are the sadness, the lies and deceit, and Holden’s youth. Every one of these themes describe Holden in different ways, mostly it describes what he’s like. SADNESS Sadness permeates The Catcher in the Rye. Main characterRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye900 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J.D Salinger, the characters help portray many themes. J.D Saligner creatively infused his work with varying themes. Holden unknowingly magnifies the importance of the themes, of which he is often times oblivious. This novel is sophisticatedly written in a manner that allows us to see all the themes clearly. The themes portrayed in the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J.D Salinger include phoniness, psychological alienation, and futile protection of innocenceRead MoreThe Catcher and the Rye1196 Words   |  5 PagesThe Catcher and the Rye Benjamin Lynch 4/6/2012 Thesis Statement: Outline: * Intro * Tropophobia * Suicide * Withdraw himself from society * Incapable of recognizing the beneficial aspects in life * His fear of growing up and projecting others from it as well * Symbolism * Conclusion 1st Draft: The Biographical Lens applied to The Catcher in the Rye J.D. Salinger expresses his view of society in his novel, The Catch in the Rye. His viewpointsRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye700 Words   |  3 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye a novel written by J.D. Salinger, the book starts off by Holden Caulfield, main protagonist, talking about his experience alone the weekend before he went home. Holden struggles to fit in society, communicating with others but most of all he is struggling to find himself. Holden lurks for advice from different people in order to get some insight of their perspective. Even though Holden seems to be embracing the growing up mentality yet he wants to keep his innocence. HoldenRead MoreCatcher in the Rye4413 Words   |  18 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye â€Å"Is The Catcher in the Rye, as a work of literature still relevant for today’s youth?† Name: Sara Sigurdson Course: English A1 Supervisor: Mr. Peter Steadman Word count: 3851 Candidate number: 00136022 Table of Contents Content Page Number Abstract 3 Introduction 4 The Actual Catcher in the Rye 4 The Sexual Matter 5 The Caulfield Family 6 Narrator and Protagonist 8 Role Model 9 Mr. Antolini 10 Targeted Audience 10 Guidance 12

Farenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury - 1274 Words

Fire is often used to represent destruction, peril, and chaos. However, in the futuristic novel Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, Fire symbolizes much more than just danger and destruction. Guy Montag, a firefighter who lights fires instead of putting them out, lives in a society that seems to revolve around destruction and the glory that burning certain objects brings them. Bradbury uses fire to symbolize the destructive way that the futuristic society functions. Not only does Bradbury use the symbol of fire to describe the society as a whole, he also uses it to describe certain characters that impact or influence Montag’s life. Fire is used to exemplify the characters and describe the way they interact with different people in Fahrenheit 451. Guy Montag himself is a subject of characterization by fire as well. Fire is used to symbolize the transformation of Montag and the different phases he goes through. Bradbury uses fire as a symbol to represent the society he lives in and the way it behaves, as well as individual characters that appear throughout the novel. The use of fire symbolism demonstrates and exemplifies the nature of the dystopian society in the novel. Faber, a man who goes against society and continues to collect books despite the illegality, believes that the society in which he lives in will someday come crashing down because of the disastrous ways of the people. He says, â€Å"They dont know that this is all one huge big blazing meteor thatShow MoreRelatedFarenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury784 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"The books are to remind us what fools we are† (Bradbury, Fahrenheit 451). Book Burning has been around ever since books have. All throughout history from biblical to modern time book have been burned. Rarely are books burned for no reason, some of the most common reasons books are burned for religiously or politically. However is burning books good or bad for society? Whether if book burning is good or bad dep ends on how you see the reason they are being burned. There are many ways that book burningRead MoreFarenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury829 Words   |  3 Pagesfor her but he never showed them towards her. Montag decided to start opening up books and reading them. The books is an outlook on the future. The world is taking over. Bradbury had a vision of the upcoming future. He wanted to get his point across of the books. But the writer doesn’t understand Bradbury point of why people don’t like to read books. The writer feel like if you can read text messages or get on the internet to read then you can take your time out and open up a book toRead MoreFarenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury2018 Words   |  8 Pagesthe end is near. 2. He shows Montag is a fireman but has a softer side when he runs into a young girl. He is different from other firemen because he listens to what the interesting girl is saying. 3. Montag has 451 engraved on his helmet because is a fireman so that is ID number. 451 also is the temperature at which paper burns. 4. When Montag met Clarisse, he had a different look on life. Before he met her, he did not realize all that was going on in the world and after he begins to questionRead MoreFarenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury1068 Words   |  4 Pagessymbolizes destruction and death, yet to others it can symbolize passion, knowledge and comfort. Ray Bradbury successfully portrays the ambiguity of fire’s symbolism in Fahrenheit 451, as Montag’s mental transformation and relationship to society changes his understanding of fire; believing first that fire is simply a destructive force, to slowly understanding the comforting and unifying nature of fire. Bradbury first portrays fire as a destructive force, starting his novel with Montag burning books. WithRead MoreFarenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury1171 Words   |  5 Pagesone another. Mr. Bradbury uses a lot of repetition in which at time I can’t understand or depict on what it’s trying to say. â€Å"Fool Montage, fool, fool, oh good you silly pool†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Here it use fool at the repetitive about the sentence I can understand its clearly. Another is, â€Å"The old man would go on with this talking and this talking droopy, drop stone by the stone by the flake by flare. This sentence I can’t understand what it is saying, or why Bradbury chose these repetitiveRead MoreFarenheit 451- Lit By Ray Bradbury1168 Words   |  5 PagesFahrenheit 451- Lit. Critique The title of the book I read was Fahrenheit 451. The book was written by Ray Bradbury and was published in 1951. This book is about a dystopian America where there is extreme censorship and any media (mainly books) that questions the government is burned by a branch called the Firemen. The main character whose name is Guy Montag is a fireman who begins to realize that what he’s doing is wrong after meeting a young girl named Clarisse. As the book goes on it is revealedRead MoreAnalysis of Ray Bradbury ´s Farenheit 451689 Words   |  3 Pagesthe question â€Å"Are you happy† Montag’s Smile melts and, in essence, this serves as the start of Montag’s evolution. (4). Montag’s first encounter with Clarisse is described with a heavy amount of imaginary, particularly nature related imaginary. Ray Bradbury says â€Å"The autumn leaves blew over the moonlit pavement... letting the motion of the wind and the leaves carry her forward† (3). Nature is pure and devoid of any human illness (Technology, as used in the novel, is like bacteria/viruses). It is theRead MoreMontag’s Gradual Change in the Book Farenheit 451 Essay545 Words   |  3 PagesIn the book , Farenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury, there are a lot of symbols present. But, the most omnipresent symbol is the fire symbol. The plot of this book depends solely on this symbol. The reason for this symbol’s importance is that Montag’s changing attitudes reflect the differing meanings of the fire symbol. If one examines the way Bradbury uses the fire symbol to reveal Montag’s attitude towards life and his society, one recognizes that everything has good and bad qualities. It is in alsoRead MoreThe Similarities Between Societies1321 Words   |  6 PagesSocieties Ray Bradbury is one of those rare individuals whose writing has changed the way people think, by a mere spark he has entranced the reader, just after a few short pages and you are hooked. He has more than five hundred published works that exemplify the American imagination at its most creative – from technological advances to futuristic societies. Also his timeless, constant appeal to audiences young and old has proven him to be one of the truly classic authors of today. Ray Bradbury incorporatesRead MoreCritical Response Fahrenheit 4511592 Words   |  7 PagesThe novel â€Å"Farenheit 451† written Ray Bradbury between 1950 and 1953 is thought provoking novel which raises important concerns about what the future may hold. Predominantly told through the eyes of the protagonist Guy Montag Bradbury warns humanity of a future containing mind manipulation, abuse of technology and heavy government censorship. The purpose of this book is clearly to warn society of the path we are headed to if we continue to value new technology over knowledge by showing us â€Å"that although

Examples from placement Free Essays

Whilst on my placement, there was a girl starting school full time; named Megan. Megan was why and reluctant to Interact with the other children, I noticed this and sat down next to her. To make her feel more secure, I tried talking to her In a calm voice. We will write a custom essay sample on Examples from placement or any similar topic only for you Order Now When listening to her, I was showing Interest In what she was saying, by positive facial expressions I made sure I gave enough time for Megan to think about her answer and if she answered correctly, I praised her to effectively boost her self-esteem and make her feel valued. However, she asked to participate in an activity that wasn’t available, I calmly said in a slow voice â€Å"you are not allowed to do that†. When she kept asking, I reinforced my previous statement, to help her understand the boundaries expected of her. After she told me what games she enjoyed, I asked if she wanted to join in with the other children. Whilst asking her, I showed her pictures of the activities. Megan asked toxin the play-doe group, so I setup an area for her. I introduced Megan to some of the other children, so she would feel more comfortable and welcome within the group.. Throughout the day, I was making sure Mean’s needs were being met, for example asking her If she needed the toilet. I felt Like Megan was at an age, where she can Independently ask for the toilet, but to be safe I asked anyway. I needed to make sure that when asking her. I spoke clearly, so she could fully understand what I was asking and she could reply appropriately. I also, needed to make sure that she knew where things were, so she felt confident going herself. So I didn’t lower Mean’s self-esteem, I spoke to her in an assertive tone, if I had spoken to her in an aggressive manner it would have made her feel uncomfortable talking to me. For example â€Å"Can you please help the other children clean up? During my placement, there was a three year old girl, named Victoria. Victoria and family had just moved from Russia. Her parents could speak little English and Victoria none. Very shy and reluctantly, she sat in the corner, playing by herself. I decided to have 1-1 time with her, and try to build a trusting relationship. I knew she was shy because she turned her body away from me and wouldn’t make eye contact with me. Violator was obviously upset leaving her parents and feeling left out from the other children. In order for Victoria to understand me I spoke In basic minting to the picture of the sandpit, because she didn’t understand English and it made it easier for her to understand which activities I was saying. When I gain some for her trust, she started using eye contact and more body language. By rubbing her eyes, I sat down with her and slowly and calmly asked what was wrong. She looked at me and said â€Å"tired†. I had to have her explain to me in more detail, so I showed her pictures of a bed and of possible activities she would enjoy. I made sure that I gave her enough time to reply, without interrupting and waiting patiently, or this could sibyl lower her self-confidence. She regained eye contact and pointed to the jigsaw puzzle. I taught Victoria a few basic words in English, by pointing to the object and waiting for her to repeat the word after me in English. When she repeated the word, I made sure I had positive facial expressions and body language, and praised her when she said it correctly. It was important that I used non-verbal communication, because it would affect her emotionally, by boosting her self- confidence and self-esteem and she would comfortable talking to me. If I made no effort to acknowledge she didn’t know English, this would lower her self-esteem and make her feel isolated within the setting, because she wouldn’t feel comfortable coming to talk to me and make her feel like she couldn’t trust me. This means, she would have trouble communicating and interacting with the other children, and she wouldn’t be able to tell me any problems she has; because of the lack of trust. To build our relationship further, in return, Victoria can teach me some words/phrases in Russian. This will allow us to have conversations in her language and she can feel more comfortable. How to cite Examples from placement, Papers

Psychology Psychological Approaches to Sociopath

Question: Write about thePsychology for Psychological Approaches to Sociopath. Answer: Introduction In the past and modern worlds, many individuals have always held different opinions or viewpoints towards certain issues. Such differences may seemingly arise from a different school of thoughts and may lead to increased conflict especially in the corporate world. Research, however, shows that conflict resolution mechanisms determines the mode of handling conflicts in such circumstances and may work to the team's advantage or even lead to a collapse of the team (Sanders, 2015). Research has also provided that conflict between parties is not necessarily a bad thing and suggests that high functioning teams in the society usually engage themselves in healthy and constructive conflicts. At times conflict from different parties often challenges the team to become more effective as compared to the groups comprising of individuals of similar opinion or experiences (Conrad et al., 2015). The study, therefore, will aim at providing an understanding of the challenge of decision making and conflict resolution in working or managing an individual or a small group of people. It will also provide a psychological approach which can be useful in solving the problem and also in dealing with the challenge of sociopath behavior. Our major challenge as described above is decision making and conflict resolution when working with an individual or a small group of people (Arrow, 2014). Conflicts at the workplace or lack of an understanding of the employees and the employer affect managerial decision-making process. And therefore the management or the person in charge may want to address the situation by using the right psychological approach will effectively solve their differences as well as gaining a common ground of making decisions. Research has provided that, sometimes the disputing parties may fail to achieve a healthy difference opinion regarding a certain issue which may even be the manager and one of his subordinate staffs (Lawless Trif, 2016). Therefore they need an understanding of the fact that resolving conflicts at times may require some respect and patience between the parties. And for successful conflict resolution, we need to understand and address the emotional needs, the different perceptions as well as the actions of the parties in conflict. Such an understanding, therefore, necessitates the need for introducing a psychological approach to understanding their behavior and overcome the challenge or the conflict. According to a psychological therapy point of view, Babbitt and Hampson (2011) denotes that it is equally valuable to allow conflicting parties state their goals and involve a third party who will ask them questions in order to get a deeper understanding of the real needs of the parties. Research also provides that conflict can be categorized based on the interest of the parties in conflict or even their values. In this case, conflict of interest can be solved through the theory of games as psychologists believe that the parties in this type of conflict are always open to negotiations and bargaining. Conflict of values, on the other hand, can be difficult to solve and calls for an active conflict resolution mechanism. The reason for this be a conflict of values involves an individual or a groups needs for identity, security, recognition, political participation among others. Social psychologists have hence called for a shift from the conflict resolution theory which is always based o n the rational decision making to an interactive problem solving approach, derived from socio-psychological analysis (Papenhausen, Parayitam, 2015). An interactive problem solving approach acts as a mediation process for the conflicting parties. Psychologist, therefore, suggests that the first step of solving the conflict would be for the parties to prepare themselves for resolution (Kimonis, et al. 2014) In this case the parties need to acknowledge the conflict and discuss the impact of the conflict on them openly. The parties will then agree to a cooperative process in a bid to address the conflict and lastly that the parties need to agree to communicate in which the communication should be open and involve active listening. The second stage in the mediation process would involve the understanding of the situation by the conflicting parties, where each party is required to state and clarify his position on the matter of conflict. The parties will also need to list the facts, assumptions, and beliefs underlying each position. In case of a group conflict once they have stated the facts and beliefs, they can divide the group into further smaller groups like of three people, analyze the situations and facts underlying each situation in the groups and then convene back as a team to evaluate the outcomes and responses of their discussions and finally the parties will reach an agreement (Sanders, 2015). The second part of this essay provides the understanding of the challenge of sociopath behavior and the psychological approaches effective or useful in overcoming the challenge or behavior. A sociopath is defined to be an individual who in one way or the other possesses a personality disorder which in most cases manifests itself in extreme antisocial attitudes towards other people and a certain characteristic behavior attributed to lack of self-conscience (Gawda, 2013). A sociopath will possess characteristics which are identifiable such as; lack of conformity to social norms which guide some social behaviors and therefore the individual will repeatedly engage in unlawful practices. Secondly, the individual is very deceitful, and will always possess a lying and conning spirit towards other people. Such and individual will also bear characteristic of impulsivity or failure to plan ahead since most of them are opportunistic of situations of other people. When they fail to achieve their goals or desired outcome they become irritable and aggressive. They can do anything regardless of the safety of other people as long as the outcome favors them and finally, they exhibit a consistent behavior of irresponsibility (Tasa, Bell, 2017). Identifying a sociopath may not be a difficult task as research provides that their characteristic behaviors are easily identified. Sociopath individuals have charming character traits, and most times they have high tenancies of charisma and therefore tend to attract a following of the people around them. They are also said to be intense and spontaneous as compared to other people around them and most of their behavior usually seem to be irrational and extremely risky. It is also noted that sociopath individuals are incapable of feeling shame, guilt or even been remorseful which suggests that they will always pursue any action that serves their own self-interests even if the action affects other people negatively. They also tend to be highly intelligent and if not careful with them they can be very deceitful as they invent outrageous lies about their experience. Lastly, these sociopath individuals usually seek to dominate other people and win at all costs and even cannot afford losin g an argument (Wu, Lebreton, 2011). The cognitive behavioral theory has been supported as one of the best psychological approaches to deal with a personality disorder such as sociopathy behavior (David, Hofmann, 2013). Research provides that cognitive behavior theorists argue that sometimes its not necessary to understand the reasons why something or an individual behaves in a certain manner in order to change or modify their behavior (Gadwa, 2016). They suggest that it is always good to immediately focus on providing a solution to the behavior rather than focusing on the source of the behavior. The theory assumes that there are certain behaviors dispositions which are inherited such as temperament, such dispositions affect the environments of the individuals during their growth and end up ultimately changing or shaping their personality (Andersson, et al. 2015). The theory also emphasizes the importance of social learning theory in personality development as a key aspect of correcting personality disorders such as sociopath personality behaviors (David Hofmann, 2013). Research has shown that behavior theorist in their bid to explain personality disorder state that, individuals with personality disorders may act in a dysfunctional way as a result of the core beliefs they believe in and the general assumptions about other people, themselves or even the world around them. Such issues have led to the development of cognitive behavioral therapies which have designed to help therapy clients to develop some self-conscious awareness of their core dysfunctional beliefs. The result of this is that individuals will become more rational in nature and even more evidence-based (Tasa, Bell, 2017). Conclusion A successful career will not only arise from the effective and general performance of an individual in an organization but how well they relate to other people whether on an individual level or at a group level. Due to the difference in individual opinions towards different issues, there is a greater likelihood of conflicts which in turn affect performance and decision-making. The analysis in this study, therefore, provides some insights into some psychological approaches towards these situations or challenges and also in dealing with individual behaviors such as those of a sociopath personality. Through use of the established classical or social therapy mechanisms it is possible to have interactive and constructive relationships despite our differences and character traits. References Arrow, KJ 2014, 'Conflict of Values: A Decision View', Proceedings Of The American Philosophical Society, 158, 1, pp. 25-30, Art Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, viewed 6 May 2017. Babbitt, E, Hampson, F 2011, 'Conflict Resolution as a Field of Inquiry: Practice Informing Theory', International Studies Review, 13, 1, pp. 46-57, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 6 May 2017. Conrad, I, Kleinstuber, M, Jasper, K, Hiller, W, Andersson, G, Weise, C 2015, 'The Changeability and Predictive Value of Dysfunctional Cognitions in Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Chronic Tinnitus', International Journal Of Behavioral Medicine, 22, 2, pp. 239-250, SPORTDiscus with Full Text, EBSCOhost, viewed 6 May 2017. David, D, Hofmann, S 2013, 'Another Error Of Descartes? Implications For The "Third Wave" Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy', Journal Of Cognitive Behavioral Psychotherapies, 13, 1, pp. 115-124, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 6 May 2017. Gawda, B 2013, 'The Emotional Lexicon of Individuals Diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorder', Journal Of Psycholinguistic Research, 42, 6, pp. 571-580, Communication Mass Media Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 6 May 2017. Kimonis, E, Centifanti, L, Allen, J, Frick, P 2014, 'Reciprocal Influences between Negative Life Events and Callous-Unemotional Traits', Journal Of Abnormal Child Psychology, 42, 8, pp. 1287-1298, Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, viewed 6 May 2017. Lawless, J, Trif, A 2016, 'Managing interpersonal conflicts at work by line managers', Irish Journal Of Management, 35, 1, pp. 74-87, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 6 May 2017. Papenhausen, C, Parayitam, S 2015, 'Conflict Management Strategies as Moderators in the Antecedents to Affective Conflict and its Influence on Team Effectiveness', Journal Of Business Management, 21, 1, pp. 101-119, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 6 May 2017. Sanders, Mm 2015, 'Management of Conflict of Interest in Psychosocial Research on Parenting and Family Interventions', Journal Of Child Family Studies, 24, 3, pp. 832-841, Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, viewed 6 May 2017. Tasa, K, Bell, C 2017, 'Effects of Implicit Negotiation Beliefs and Moral Disengagement on Negotiator Attitudes and Deceptive Behavior', Journal Of Business Ethics, 142, 1, pp. 169-183, Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, viewed 6 May 2017. Wu, J, Lebreton, J 2011, 'Reconsidering The Dispositional Basis Of Counterproductive Work Behavior: The Role Of Aberrant Personality', Personnel Psychology, 64, 3, pp. 593-626, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 6 May 2017.

Aristotle essays

Aristotle essays Virtue or excellence is a psychic phenomenon. Is it an emotion, or the capacity to experience an emotion? An emotion is something we feel or undergo and we cannot hold ourselves responsible for that; but it is an essential feature of virtue that we praise it, of vice that we blame it. But we do not praise and blame that for which we cannot be held responsible. Therefore, neither virtue nor vice can be an emotion or the capacity to experience an emotion. Virtue and vice should be understood, rather, as dispositions, a certain habitual stance we take in regard to our emotions. Someone who is habitually afraid of everything has developed a disposition of cowardice in regard to the emotion of fear, for which he can be blamed; someone who is habitually inclined neither to indulge in pleasures excessively nor to shun them at all costs has developed a disposition of moderation in relation to the desire for pleasure, for which he can be praised. These praiseworthy and blameworthy dispositions are not something we are born with; nor, on the other hand, can they be taught theoretically. They are acquired by a process of habituation, which begins with parents training of children. As humans, we take pleasure in being praised, and are pained by the shame that accompanies blame; this pleasure and pain can be used to mold an immediate or natural attraction to pleasure and repulsion from pain which would not prove to be the good for us. It is, then, by practicing moderation that we develop a moderate disposition; of course, we can only be said to be virtuous when we practice moderate actions motivated by a disposition of moderation, which is different from the motive governing our practice such actions in the process of acquiring that virtue. Aristotle believed that a person who has difficulty behaving ethically is morally imperfect. His ideal person practices the "golden mean of moderation." He believed that this moral virtue ...

Gwendolyn Brooks essays

Gwendolyn Brooks essays Gwendolyn Brooks is the female poet who has been most responsive to changes in the black community, particularly in the communitys vision of itself. The constant in Brooks poetry has been her loyalty to characters who find themselves trapped in an environment scarred by racial discrimination, poverty, and violence. Gwendolyn Brooks, the daughter of David Anderson Brooks, the son of a runaway slave, and Keziah Corinne (Wims) Brooks, was born on June 7, 1917, in Topeka Kansas. Brooks was the first African-American to win a Pulitzer Prize for poetry in 1950, and the first African-American woman to be inducted into the National Institute of Arts and Letters. The Brooks family moved to Chicago shortly after her birth. Her parents set a high priority on literature, and she began to collect her poems in notebooks at age eleven. Gwendolyn had a difficult time in school and was rejected for her shyness as well as her skin Brooks attended Hyde Park High School, the leading white high school in the city, but transferred to the all-black Wendall Phillips, then to the integrated Englewood High School. In 1936 she graduated from Wilson Junior College. These four schools gave her a perspective on racial dynamics in the city that continued to influence her work. Brooks was influenced at first by the Harlem Renaissance. Her early work featured the sonnet and the ballad, and she experimented with adaptations of conventional meter. Later, development of the black arts movement in the sixties, along with conceptions of a black aesthetic, turned her toward free verse and an abandonment of the sonnet as inappropriate to the times. However, she retained, her interest in the ballad, its musicality and accessibility, and in what she called "verse journalism." Brooks died in December 2000. Brooks writing is objective, but her characters speak for themselves. She uses ordinary speech. ...

Why teachers salary should increase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Why teachers salary should increase - Essay Example While education takes up most of the childhood and teenage years, it benefits the whole adult life of a person. While education could really, and actually, happen anywhere, formal education within school settings is what really provides an individual with ammunition later on in life. One cannot disregard the significance of education in life. In fact, in today’s world, an individual is disregarded if without education. Education is not only there to increase one’s knowledge, but also to shape one’s character. It develops the rational aspect of a human being. Now, when one talks about education, one cannot help but think about teachers. This is because education is a teacher-driven industry. Without teachers, education will not be possible (Vedder 17-8). The important status of the teaching profession is the main reason why teachers’ salary should be increased. A higher salary for teachers would mean that existing teachers would feel more inspired as they g o about their daily teaching routine (Mishel and Roy 69). It could also mean that the teaching industry will be more able to attract the best and the brightest minds (Cunningham and Sperry 38). It will also mean that more potential teachers will be inclined to give the career more consideration, which could decrease teaching shortage (Vedder 7). More Inspiration for Teachers Work is all about motivation. While many people will say that a career is based on what one wants to do, at the end of the day, one would hope that what one wants to do is also something that would put food on the table, roof over the heads, and clothes on the back. In addition, it is not asking too much to include a reliable car to make lives easier, along with extra funds to indulge into leisure moments occasionally. It is true that several teachers are able to afford all these things without problems, but one cannot really claim that these things are acquired without many problems (Mishel and Roy 71-2). The t eaching profession should be able to offer such a salary that could at least ensure noble teachers that they could provide education to individuals without enduring a profession that will make them sacrifice some of their personal needs and wants. It is a well-accepted fact that motivated workers are more productive in their jobs. While this is not to say that money is the only source of motivation, removing the barrier of money issues would certainly help a lot in alleviating the situation of people involved in such â€Å"thankless† jobs (Mishel and Roy 75-6). Attracting the Best and the Brightest Minds Everyone has heard a story somewhere of a teacher who has left the profession to enter the corporate world, and the biggest reason stated has always been better paychecks. This is especially true among highly effective and intelligent teachers in the industry. It is understandable that people who have a big potential to really make it big in the better-paying corporate world would be enticed to switch professions. This is coupled by the additional attraction that corporate jobs could be less stressful, where one does not have to take the work back home. If teachers feel that their efforts are being recognized in the paychecks, there would be lesser chances of job switch. Furthermore, it could lessen, if not remove, the connotation that teaching is a thankless career. To do so could attract more brilliant students into the teaching industry (Cunningham and Sperry 38-9). This is not to say, though, that only average people are attracted to get into teaching. However, one cannot disregard the possibility that many highly effective and brilliant individuals who want to get into teaching would settle for better-paying jobs instead, even though they want to teach (Cunningham and S

Information forwarded to your customer support section via e-mail Essay

Information forwarded to your customer support section via e-mail - Essay Example The war remained on the surface for four years, and soon became the major highlighting issue in the history of America. The main cause of the war occurred, when the African Americans took stand and refused to tolerate the slavery system any more. They wanted to be treated as the part of US society on equal basis. The blacks used to be treated so roughly and harshly in all the fields. They weren’t even allowed to take part in the US army.They used to be admitted in the army for the purpose of cooking, guards, and menservants. At the times of dangerous battles they used to be pushed in the front lines to face the hardships. Even the white society used to serve blacks as slaves. They used to consider them as weak and soulless. The rich whitepeople wanted to overrule the society. Slavery wasn’t the cause alone to drive the civil war. Another major cause was the high tariffs imposed on the Southern as compared to the Northern, on the goods and services brought into the country from the foreign countries. State’s Rights was another issue to cause the civil war, when the power of the Fe deral governments was changing. And the population of North was much increasing than the Southern. The Southern believed that state laws carried more weight than the Federal laws. African Americans were also served as slaves in the large plantations such as, cotton to perform the duties. Rich white Americans used to hire black slaves in their houses for the tasks like, sweeping, washing, cooking etc. Slaves were also used to be rented, traded or sold to pay the debts. The person containing the high number of slaves used to be treated with respect and obedience. Slaves were used as the property of individuals and businesses. Slavery was made as the destiny of Southern economy; no other option was left for them. Such enforcement of slavery system made the African American so tired and intolerable, which resulted in shape of civil

Strategic Essentialism In Reducing Gender Inequalities Sociology Essay

Strategic Essentialism In Reducing Gender Inequalities Sociology Essay A position of strategic essentialism is important in ensuring that gender inequalities are reduced. Discuss with reference to the evolution of feminist theory and action in the Global South. A central issue in feminist debates over essentialism is whether there are any shared characteristics common to all women that unify them as a social group other than their biological and physiological predispositions. Many feminist theorists of the 1980s and 1990s (Scott, 1988; Fraser, 1989; Spelman, 1990) rejected essentialism on the grounds that human phenomena cannot be reduced to essentialist monolithic categories, and that universal claims about women presuppose an essential womanness (Spelman, 1990) that all women share, despite the racial, class, religious, ethnic and cultural differences among them, emphasizing instead questions of difference and identity. Essentialism was presumed to be a negative aspect of feminism: One use of a theory of discourse for feminist politics, then, is in understanding social identities in their full socio-cultural complexity, thus in demystifying static, single variable, essentialist views of gender identity. (Fraser, 1991, p. 99). To maintain that femininity predisposes women to certain (nurturing) jobs or (collaborative) styles of work is to naturalize complex economic and social processes and, once again, to obscure the differences that have characterized womens occupational histories. An insistence on differences undercuts the tendency to absolutist and essentialist categories. (Scott, 1988, p. 47). At the same time, an anti-anti-essentialist argument was raised (Stone, 2004), arguing that anti-essentialist claims denied women the motivation to work together as a collectivity. Within this current, strategic essentialism has been an influential strand. While it recognizes that essentialism is descriptively false as it denies the real diversity of womens lives and social situations, it defends essentialist claims in the sense that they are politically useful (multilateral organizations such as the United Nations tend to treat women as if they comprise a unitary group) and socially influential. This argument is especially relevant regarding (womens) social movements, which many believe require a deep notion of shared position and identity. Oppressed groups can deploy essentialism strategically as it enables them to organize common forms of identity and sustain a sense of solidarity. Throughout this essay I will use case studies from the Global South to argue that the emphasis on co mmonalities is especially useful when tackling gender inequalities, but that the possible solutions must adapt to local conditions (taking into account a countrys history and culture), and that the ideological neoliberalism has played an important role in fragmenting the representation of women as a homogenous unit of analysis. Mohanty (1998) argues that western feminist scholarship has produced an image of third world women as a homogeneous and powerless group, often represented as victims of particular socio-economic systems (women as victims of war crimes, women as refugeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦), on the basis of a shared oppression. The focus should instead be on the common differences (the common experience of social exclusion, for instance) as the basis for solidarity and collective mobilization, which are achieved through an active engagement with diversity. Issues like poverty and (gender) inequality require collective bargaining despite the involvement of actors polarized along caste, class, gender, linguistic and ethnic lines (Emmerij et al, 2009), as is the case in the case study that follows. The Sangtin (literally meaning friendship in Awadhi, a language spoken in parts of Uttar Pradesh) writers, a group of seven female village-level NGO activists from the hierarchical state of Uttar Pradesh, in India , put forward a collective critique against institutional patriarchies, thus enacting a politics of solidarity among themselves, despite the differences within womens collectives the activists come from diverse caste and religious backgrounds. Their critiques are directed at Nari Samato Yohana (NSY), a donor-funded NGO and a World Bank Initiative that works to empower poor rural women. The writers highlight the paradoxes of NGO politics as these organizations can be both empowering in theory (through the encouragement of grassroots activism) and elitist in practice (in the form of donor-driven priorities and evaluations). They analyze processes of hierarchical character of donor-driven womens empowerment organizations that often disregard rural womens knowledge and expertise. Womens NGOs in Uttar Pradesh are being increasingly pressured by funding agencies, which attach no value to grassroots work until that work is measured by the standards of the funders. Furthermore, these NGOs that are aiming to empower poor women in rural communities are staffed and dominated by Hindu and upper-caste grassroots workers, while rural-based, less formally educated workers find themselves at the margins of institutional spaces, with little say on the running of the organization (Nagar Sangtin Writers, 2006). More generally, the activists challenge the popular perception that NGOs are potential agents for diffusing development and enabling empowerment, because hierarchical processes within NGOs can impede their stated goals of empowerment, class differences reinforced through the hierarchical structures of NGOs (male- and upper-caste-dominated). Thus, the Sangtin writers are not mere victims of the hierarchical processes as Mohanty would argue they are represented by some western feminist texts as they resist and challenge. The role of global initiatives and institutions in addressing gender inequalities is significant. Although the UN Decade for Women and the four global womens conferences held in Mexico, Copenhagen, Nairobi and Beijing between 1975 and 1995 did not find as much common ground between women worldwide as anticipated, the conferences elevated gender equality to the center of the global development agenda and internationalized the issue of womens equality (unless development is engendered, it is endangered). The consensus was that women should lead development rather than the earlier view, in which women were seen as being affected positively or negatively by economic development policies, and were integrated into the development process as victims. Both views, however, assume that all third world women have similar problems and needs. Despite this shift in the development discourse that has moved women from the periphery to the center and acclaimed them as the holders of solutions to glob al problems, the poverty of the worlds women has increased and intensified. Global economic and political processes (i.e. globalization) have exacerbated economic, racial and gender inequalities. Jain (2005) points to a restlessness within the womens movements that has led to a partial failure of the movement to reach the next stage of development. Differences of location, race, class, sexuality, and religion have at times been emphasized at the expense of the commonalities that can build strength to move forward. It is important to emphasize, however, that the existence of gender inequalities have radically different, historically specific explanations as the next case studies will show. Thus, superficially similar situations cannot be treated as identical. Furthermore, as Lourdes Arizpe argues, the construction of gender in every society is a cultural phenomenon. The way in which these differences are constructed will depend on the culture of every society, and it is through the use of cultural analysis that gender inequalities can be understood (Arizpe, cited in Jain, 2005). The case studies (based on Chant McIlwaine, 1998) involves analyzing the challenges women face in two very different countries Malaysia and Zimbabwe and to specifically see how gender inequalities need to be tackled and addressed in each case. On one hand, Malaysia has experienced high levels of economic growth in the last few decades, mainly due to export-oriented industrialization. It is an ethnically heterogeneous and pluralistic society. Social indicators reflect relatively high levels of human development, but when these are differentiated by gender it appears that men have made greater gains than women in most areas. The adult literacy rate among women is 75.4% compared with 87.8% among men. In terms of political participation, in 1994 women represented only 10% of seats at local and parliamentary levels and 7% of ministerial posts. Employment opportunities have increased and diversified in the context of rapid industrialization, but the ethnic Malay have been granted preferential access to opportunities. On the other hand, Zimbabwe is an ethnically homogenous country, in a transition from a white-dominated British colony to a democratic black republic. Although the government has focused on post-colonial restructuri ng and nation-building, gender issues have not been entirely sidelined. Women were of significant importance in the liberation war for Zimbabwe, by proving food, shelter, clothing and paramedical and intelligence services. Their active participation led to the new independence government to take active steps towards gender equality by setting up, in 1981, a Ministry for Community Development and Womens Affairs (MCDWA). Zimbabwe is still a predominantly rural country, with only 30% of its population residing in urban areas in 1992, and remains a patriarchal society. In the case of Malaysia, womens issues are then seen through the lens of political representation, and addressing gender inequalities should be put in the context of ethnic inequalities. A specific solution would be to introduce quota systems to increase the number of women in political office and to enable women to fully participate in and influence decision-making. In the case of Zimbabwe, land access for women is a maj or problem given the patriarchal nature of society where most of the land parcels are owned by men. As such, land redistribution should be incorporated into the debate on how to reduce gender inequalities. A countrys history, culture and ethnic diversity, among others, should be taken into account when addressing gender inequalities, because while women might share a common experience of oppression -whether in Malaysia or Zimbabwe the specific policy measures needed will vary significantly. Women in the Third World have had to bear the brunt of globalization this is not an essentialist claim, but a generalization based on statistical evidence. Poor women are hardest hit by the degradation environmental conditions, wars, famines, privatization of services and the dismantling of welfare states (Mohanty, 2003). The structural adjustment programs many poor countries have had to adapt in order to receive loans from the international financial institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund have disproportionately squeezed women out of public sector employment, for example. Amy Linds (2002, 2003) research on Ecuador, however, challenges monolithic and globalized representations of women as victims of the globalization process, which have been made more difficult by a shift to neoliberalism and local women organizations most of which of a working-class and rural in nature becoming the new targets of development policy. Since the early 1980s successiv e Ecuadorian governments have received loans and implemented IMF/World Bank inspired structural adjustment programs (SAPs), which have had gendered impacts in the economy. These neoliberal policies affect women differently, the impact of which depends largely upon womens class, race, ethnicity and geographical location. As stated above, women in general have tended to lose out in this process, but this is particularly true for poor, rural indigenous women. Some women (especially women working within the state) have gained as a result of privatization policies and decentralization. Neoliberalism has had two opposing effects. On the one hand, it has provided the framework under which diverse political movements and actors have converged to challenge and reflect dissatisfaction with the neoliberal economic model and the lack of democratic progress under Abdalà ¡ Bucaram Ortizs presidency. A visible womens movement emerged as women activist in political parties, NGOs, rural and community based organizations, in political parties and in human rights organizations became increasingly frustrated with their marginalized roles under the new politico-economic system. They all invoked a form of strategic essentialism in an attempt to challenge the state and remake the nation in order to give women a greater voice in state policy affairs, and participated in the national strike leading up to President Ortizs removal from office. At the same time that women (as a unitary group) were rising to challenge President Ortizs policies, neoliberalism has exacerbated the differenc es between the women movements and fractured them. In the neoliberal context, economic and social disparities between women working with the state (state feminists) and poor, rural indigenous women who are the targets of state policies have become more apparent. This may contribute to a further fragmentation of a unified feminist movement, Lind (2003) argues, which is now characterized more by separate struggles than by any unified notion of a social movement, in the process of becoming a remnant of the past. Since neoliberalism positions women as clients for the states resources they are positioned in competition with each other for such resources. In short, while there is overlap between all the feminist strands, there is growing disagreement between feminist policy makers and activists regarding where women fit in the development arena, and whether there speak with a single, or multiple, fragmented voices. In conclusion, essentialist and anti-essentialist positions are located at the extreme ends of a spectrum. Addressing inequalities from these extremes does not represent a viable position. In order to move away from the essentialist/anti-essentialist dichotomies it is important to understand women not as completely different from each other, and at the same avoiding to assimilate them into a single dominant identity. Therefore, we need to look to the middle ground between essentialism and gender skepticism to find ways of talking about women that neither do violence to our diversity, nor represent us as inconsolably different (Heyes, 2000). Furthermore, women should neither be portrayed as victims to be rescued or heroines that hold the key to lift their countries and communities out of poverty. These extreme stances do not help in understanding the solutions that are needed to address women discrimination and inequalities. It seems that the best way forwards is for the struggle for gender equality to be channeled at various levels and through a variety of initiatives from the involvement of local womens groups, to NGOs at local, regional and international levels, governments and multilateral institutions and by not homogenizing their experiences. There will always be a framework of collective solidarity through which women can address the issue of gender inequality. Word count: 2302

Capstone Project Essay

Apple has been known to be an inherently personal computer company. However, it is also well known that there is no better example of innovative strategic thinking and execution. Apple’s strategy has remained to creating and sustaining value for customers across the world. Jobs returned to Apple in 1997 and the company never looked back since. However, it is also said that Apple lost the pc business because of ignoring the trends in pc industry. Apple’s business strategy is primarily based on innovation for creating differentiated products. It has built products that are cool to use as well as simple and intuitive. Its products are best known for the amazing experience they provide. However, Apple kept taking calculated risks and entered new markets boldly. It was visible in the release of innovative products like iPod, iPhone etc. Inherently it is a pc company and uses its competencies in developing hardware and software for developing effective, efficient and innovati ve products. In fact, its iPad, iPod, iPhone and Mac are all computers. (Harris, 2010) Apple’s success is mainly the result of innovative technology and design innovation. In this way we can see that Apple has enjoyed continued success in the market through innovation and matchless design. Apple’s vision is also based on continuous innovation which is visible in the products it makes. Its mission is also to be the leader in the digital revolution by making revolutionary products. We know that Apple is the market leader in terms of most innovative electronic products and the customers’ choice also. The business environment for Apple Company is highly competitive both domestically and globally. (Harris, 2010) However, its products qualify as global products and are preferred by customers all around the globe. In fact it is through innovation that the company has remained a global leader in terms of technology. Its iPhone took  the world by storm in 2007. Apple has strong capabilities in product design and engineering as well. In fact the smart phone boom was sparked by Apple through its release of iPhone in 2007. Initially, the market was shaped by the customers in US and other developed markets. However, the growth for smart phone market is now coming from the Asian and developing countries mainly. However, if anyone is challenging its position then it is Samsung which has emerged as a competitor for Apple. Till a few years ago, Samsung was just trying to catch up in the smart-phone market. Now, apart from being the world’s largest technology company by revenue, Samsung has set Apple on its back foot. It is now trying to overtake Apple. Samsung’s galaxy series became the customer’s preference soon after entering the market. In fact Samsung is considered to be the best when it comes to learning from its competitors. But they also remain customer centered at the same time. In fact Samsung keenly observes what its competitors are bringing to the market. It keeps a watch over the recent trends and does not take much time to release its own version of the innovation. (Nisen, 2013) Apple also has a huge cash pile, but when it comes to taking risks and putting the money behind it, Samsung appears to be far ahead of Apple. Apart from that Samsung also spends a larg er part of its revenue on research as compared to Apple. It spends 5.7% of its revenue on research as compared to Apple’s 2.4. Actually, Samsung is a diverse business that is made of chips, displays and a variety of other technology. Its main benefit to Samsung comes in the form of the ability to compete on price and offering features which others cannot. However, it is important to note that Samsung is more than just a smart-phone maker. It is a conglomerate, a manufacture as well as the world’s largest chip maker. These factors play in Samsung’s favor. Many of the components of the smart phones are made by Samsung itself which gives it a cost advantage. (Nisen, 2013) When we compare Samsung with Apple we can see that Apple relies on external partners, which sometimes also leads to difficulties and delays. Though Apple has a well-managed and futuristic supply chain, yet it does not have the cost advantage like Samsung. One important factor regarding Samsung is that it has provided many lower end options for the developing world. In case Samsung continues to bring game changing products to the market like its Galaxy series, it can move from a close second to being the market leader. Samsung’s advertising expenditure  is also quite high which has really paid it as well. Samsung has been successful domestically as well as globally. Its most products especially the galaxy series has taken the markets in the developing world by storm. (Nisen, 2013) Apple is considered to be the market leader in the computer software and hardware industry. The main reason behind its growth and success over years are the innovative products it has brought to the market. One of the most important strengths of Apple is its incredible brand loyalty. It has a very high number of brand loyal customers. These customers will even line up before Apple stores at night in freezing cold to be the first to lay their hands on a new released iPhone, iPad or Mac. Strong financial strength is also a major strength off Apple. Apart from these things Apple is also known for its strong brand reputation and strong advertising and marketing teams and its retail stores. We already know of Apple as the leading innovator in the mobile device technology. However, apart from the above mentioned strengths there are some weaknesses also. As analysts have mentioned without Steve Jobs in leadership, the pace of innovation at Apple has slowed down a bit. Recently it also faced problems from its main supplier and producer Foxconn which led to unwanted difficulties and delays. So, its reliance on external suppliers gets to be one of its primary weaknesses. Apart from that Apple operates in a highly competitive industry and the competition sometimes affects its margins also. Its profits are also affected due to similar but low priced offerings from its competitors. Another important weakness which generally goes in the favor of its competitors is that its products are generally high priced. This all has also led to a decline in the market share of the company. However, despite all the above mentioned weaknesses it can certainly not be denied that Apple is a customer focused, futuristic and innovative company and it is certainly due to its focus on design and innovation that the company has a vast array of opportunities ope n before it. Its main opportunity lies in the growth of smart-phone and tablet market. Increased demand for iPhones and iPad also brought new opportunities for Apple. With iPad mini the company has also set its foot in the small tablet market. Despite the innovations it has brought till now to the market, the company has still significant room left to innovate further. In fact its opportunities lie in continuous innovation. Release of the TV is also being  seen as a great opportunity for Apple to amaze its customers which it does like no one else. However, it is not easy to be and remain the market leader and it holds true regarding Apple also. Apart from that its reliance on external suppliers has also proved a threat for it. Competitors like Samsung have the cost advantage since they produce their parts themselves. This is a major threat for Apple which it cannot afford to neglect. The company is increasingly threatened by the price pressure from Samsung over key components. Samsung’s main strength lies in its diversified product portfolio. In fact the company has a really large product portfolio which includes mobile phones, tablets, TV, camera, pc, printers and many more items. In most of these product categories Samsung itself holds a significant market share. It is today the number two in terms of market share in the cell phone industry. Not just this Samsung was able to catch Nokia’s market share by superior innovation in smart phones. Apart from that Samsung has also remained ahead consistently in terms of design and innovation. A very important strength of Samsung is that it has been able to take advantage of the markets of growing economies. In fact it has been able to obtain a large market share in the growing economies because of its low end products. Another key strength of Samsung is that most of its products can easily be integrated with various software’s. It is not so with Apple and its devices are generally not compat ible with different operating systems. Apart from being known for its innovation and design, Samsung is well known for its relatively cheap products. Added to all this is Samsung’s global brand recognition. But apart from its strengths Samsung has some weaknesses also. Firstly, it is not as ahead in terms of software and hardware as Apple. It does not have either its specific operating system or software. It is a very important advantage for Apple and to become the number one in the industry Samsung would need to beat Apple. Apart from it, Samsung is focused on making too many products and its profit margins are also very low. Its competitors like Apple are the largest buyers for its electronic equipment’s also. Still there is a large pool of opportunities lying open before Samsung which is mainly due to increased demand for smart phones in the developing economies. Its galaxy series has been a great hit globally. Apart from that demand for quality products from Samsung has also risen greatly. The expansion of tablet market has also brought new  opportunities for Samsung and the company has also obtained large benefits from it. The main threat before Samsung is the fall in the prices of smart phones. Samsung faces increased threats from Apple because of its innovative technology and design also. Apple’s release of ITV is also being seen as a threat for Samsung. Technological change is happening rapidly and Samsung will also need to innovate consistently to remain at the position it is. Price wars as well as decreased margins also bring additional threats for Samsung. Generally companies have to adapt their business strategies and products to different cultures when they are trying to sell to various countries with different cultures. This is referred to as globalization. However, this thing does not become very important for companies like Apple which sell nothing but innovation. English is a global language and Apple’s designs are generally simple and easy to use. As such Apple does not face great difficulties trying to adapt to various cultures and its strategy roughly remains the same across cultures. As we can see that cultural differences do matter in business. Yet, Apple sells the same iPad in Tokyo as it does in Toronto. (Jacobs, 2010) Instead of competing on localization, Apples competes on the pace of innovation across cultures and countries. It is due to its pace of innovation that today it is a global brand. However, the case is different for Samsung, which is said to design globally but adapt locally for success. Every day it ships millions of products to customers around the world. Samsung believes that it is important t to understand the local culture to meet the local needs. It is necessary to understand the local culture to understand the customers’ preferences. One important example of its globalization strategy is its establishing of Lifestyle research labs in various countries including UK and India as well as Singapore and China. (Samsung, 2013) Apple has some distinct organizational competencies which differentiate it from others. Its competencies include its business model, corporate culture; focus on customer as well as control of the entire ecosystem. Why Apple is generally able to generate lots of buzz is because of its fastidious attention to design like its founder Steve Jobs. Most importantly it is the ability and practice of putting user experience first that keeps Apple ahead of others. Apple is known for being customer focused and it reflects in the success of its pr oducts. Apple is known for its design and ease of use. Its iPhone is  in fact a great example of the same. Apart from innovation and technology there is one other core competency that is the key driver behind Samsung’s success. Samsung believes in building an organizational culture of learning and development. Samsung has also established a work culture that promotes learning and development for its employees. The company has also established a Creative Development Research Institute System to provide its employees with the opportunity to pursue creative ideas. This initiative is aimed at encouraging the employees to develop creative ideas and be more entrepreneurial. Samsung has a highly diversified product portfolio and it is also in more places than Apple. But it sometimes also results in diverted focus. If possible Samsung should try to limit it so that it can focus on specifically important products. Apart from that Samsung would need to invest much more in innovation and desig n to pull customers off iPhones. It will also need to go beyond marketing and just bigger screens. Samsung has been concentrating on offering cheap products for the markets in developing countries. Yet it remains to do more on innovation as the technological market keeps changing rapidly. Samsung will need to specifically concentrate on design and better technological innovation. Apple has been winning due to its focus on innovation and design. However, it is not having a very significant advantage which is of producing the components for its iPhones. It is also relying on external suppliers and it leads to difficulties and delays. Apple should especially concentrate on its suppliers. In this backward integration can be highly helpful for Apple. In this way it will be able to have better control over its suppliers which will minimize delays and other difficulties. Apart from that it will also provide Apple with significant cost advantage. Apple has in fact used forward vertical integration to reach closer to its customers. It has opened Apple stores in multiple countries around the world. Apple is thinking of opening newer Apples stores in the markets it has tapped newly. In fact it does not just bring Apple closer to its customers but is also an example of effective corporate level strategy. The popularity and demand of Apple’s products is high. As a result Apple is trying to reach a larger number of customers through its own stores, since scalpers jack up the prices. However, the strategy that worked in the favor of Apple was that of diversification. Apple diversified itself from computers to consumer digital lifestyle and  entered the mobile phone market also. Since then it also brought a vast range of game changing products to the market which became highly successful. In case of Samsung the backward vertical integration strategy has worked. Many of the components that go into the smart-phones are made by Samsung itself and the company also gains significant cost advantage due to it. Apart from that this strategy also benefits it by allowing it higher flexibility in terms of what and when it produces. In fact Samsung’s business model is based to a great extent on this competency. The corporate governance structure of Apple is designed keeping in mind effective decision making as well as appropriate monitoring of compliance and performance. The board of directors at Apple oversees the CEO and the senior management. This monitoring is done in order to ensure ethical and operation of Apple Inc. In fact it is an efficient method to monitor that the top management is working ethically and properly. Apart from that this method also ensures that there are no frauds or manipulations as well as prevents any problem at the corporate level. Apart from that the board also conducts a self-evaluation to find if the board and its committees are working properly. The compensation committee does an annual review of the executive performance including the CEO. This review is also evaluated by the board to ensure the CEO is providing effective leadership to the company. The board of directors at Samsung is composed of seven members of which four are external directors. This ensures the independence and transparency of the board’s decisions. The board of directors also meets regularly to discuss management issues and other important things. The directors are not allowed to engage in business activities in the same industry without approval from the board. It has been done especially to minimize any risk of conflict of interest or unethical behavior. Samsung is a company considered to be over hierarchical and also to be dominated by its founding family. There has been significant criticism of its governance structure. Firstly, the company should stop its owner centered managing system since due to it the company cannot remain independent of its chairman. The rights of minority shareholders as well as economic justice get eroded in this system. Samsung will need to change this structure. (Kim, 2012) The company should follow a structure where th ere is more transparency related to ownership. Apart from that to improve its profitability and sustain its position, Samsung will need to invest more and  move further in terms of innovation. It will also need to move its focus from products to customers. In case of Apple, it will need to adopt its business strategy to obtain cost advantage like Samsung. One major drawback of Apple is that its products are very costly generally. In this regard Apple should go for backward integration to obtain significant cost advantage. Apart from that the company should continue to focus on innovation and design to remain competitive. Apple has been using forward vertical integration successfully but it also needs to use backward integration for further success and managing costs. Pressure from competitors like Samsung is rising and company will need to be focused on managing the price issue to beat the competition. The smart phone market is currently driven by two factors. These include large screens as well as cheap products. However, Apple currently provides none of these. Despite not being the most attractive segment cheap devices still drive the sales volume. A number of second tier Asian brands have also started eating into Apple’s market share. The fight between Apple and Samsung is going to be really hard. Apart from it both companies will also have to fight hard for their respective positions in the market against the emerging challengers. Apple’s target continues to remain the high end market. It has still held itself from releasing a low cost product since it may eat into its profitability. Currently, Apple and Samsung are the only vendors who have their market shares in double digits. Yet, their combined market share fell in 2013 which denotes that the road ahead is going to be tough. Still, the two are the most dominant players in the global smart phone market. In fact the decline was largely due to inability of Apple to grow according to the broader smart phone market. However, it is still the market leader. (Osawa & Grundberg, 2014) But on the other side it cannot be denied that Samsung has been inching closer through its strategy of innovation and price competition. In fact if Samsung is able to manage its winning spree as it did in case of Galaxy smart phones, it will grow at faster pace than Apple. Apple would have to pay attention to certain other things also apart from differentiation through design and innovation to retain its leadership position. Still, taken together these companies seem to be dominating the smart phone market and will continue to for the coming years. References: Nisen, M. (2013). Samsung Has A Totally Different Strategy From Apple, And It’s Working Great. In Business Insider. Retrieved September 6, 2014, from http://www.businessinsider.in/Samsung-Has-A-Totally-Different-Strategy-From-Apple And-Its-Working-Great/articleshow/21250813.cms Jacobs, E. (2010). Navigating cultural differences. In Financial Times. Retrieved September 6, 2014, from http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/f3e2f464-937e-11df-bb9a 00144feab49a.html#axzz2w9RbDZqJ Samsung Designs Globally and Adapts Locally for Worldwide Success (2013). In Samsung. Retrieved September 6, 2014, from http://global.samsungtomorrow.com/?p=28148 Osawa, J., & Grundberg, S. (2014). Apple’s Smartphone Market Share Drops as Samsung’s Edges Up. In Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 16, 2014, from http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2014/01/28/apples-smartphone-market-share-drops-as-samsungs-edges-up/ Harris, M. (2010). New Product Markets†¦create and dominate them Apple style! In Harconllc. Retrieved September 6, 2014, from http://harconllc.com/wordpress/wp- content/uploads/2013/04/DominateMarketsAppleStyle.pdf Kim, L. (2012). Samsung’s family battles over corporate governance, will it be a risk? In Quamnet. Retrieved September 6, 2014, from http://www.quamnet.com/newscolumnistcontent.action?articleId=2323716&request_loc le=EN_US